扭剪型高強度螺栓(高強度螺栓的分類知識)
Torsional shear type high-strength bolts (classification knowledge of high-strength bolts)
高強度螺栓的形狀和連接結(jié)構(gòu)與普通螺栓基本相同。它們之間高強度螺栓連接的工作原理是有意對螺栓施加較大的預拉力，使被連接件的接觸面之間產(chǎn)生擠壓力。所以垂直于螺釘方向有很大的摩擦力，連接剪切力就是靠這個摩擦力傳遞的。高強度螺栓的預緊是通過擰緊螺母來實現(xiàn)的。普通高強度螺栓一般采用扭矩法和角度法。對于剪切型高強度螺栓，通過扭轉(zhuǎn)螺栓尾部來控制預緊力。
The shape and connection structure of high-strength bolts are basically the same as those of ordinary bolts. The working principle of the high-strength bolt connection between them is to intentionally apply a large pretension force to the bolts, so that the contact surfaces of the connected parts will produce a pressing force. Therefore, there is a great friction force perpendicular to the screw direction, and the connection shear force is transmitted by this friction force. The pre tightening of high-strength bolts is realized by tightening nuts. Torque method and angle method are generally adopted for ordinary high-strength bolts. For shear type high-strength bolts, the preload is controlled by twisting the bolt tail.
高強度螺栓采用10.9S或8.8S級合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼經(jīng)熱處理制成，應(yīng)鉆高強度螺栓孔。摩擦連接高強度螺栓孔徑比螺栓的公稱直徑D為1.5 ~ 2.0mm；承壓連接的高強度螺栓孔徑比螺栓的公稱直徑d大1.0 ~ 1.5 mm。
High strength bolts are made of 10.9s or 8.8s high-quality alloy structural steel after heat treatment, and high-strength bolt holes shall be drilled. The hole diameter ratio of friction connection high-strength bolt to the nominal diameter D of the bolt is 1.5 ~ 2.0mm; The hole diameter of high-strength bolt for pressure bearing connection is 1.0 ~ 1.5 mm larger than the nominal diameter D of the bolt.
按受力狀態(tài)可分為摩擦型和壓力型。
According to the stress state, it can be divided into friction type and pressure type.
其實在設(shè)計和計算方法上是有區(qū)別的。摩擦型高強度螺栓以板間滑移作為承載能力的極限狀態(tài)。I型高強螺栓以板間滑移為正常極限狀態(tài)，以連接失效為承載力極限狀態(tài)。摩擦型高強度螺栓不能充分發(fā)揮螺栓的潛力。在實際應(yīng)用中，摩擦型高強度螺栓應(yīng)用于非常重要的結(jié)構(gòu)或承受動荷載的結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是當荷載引起反向應(yīng)力時。此時，未開發(fā)的錨桿潛力可作為儲備。此外，應(yīng)使用承壓高強度螺栓，以降低成本。
In fact, there are differences in design and calculation methods. Friction type high strength bolts take slip between plates as the limit state of bearing capacity. I-type high-strength bolts take the slip between plates as the normal limit state and the connection failure as the bearing capacity limit state. Friction type high strength bolts can not give full play to the potential of bolts. In practical application, friction type high-strength bolts are applied to very important structures or structures bearing dynamic loads, especially when the load causes reverse stress. At this time, the untapped anchor potential can be used as a safety reserve. In addition, pressure bearing high-strength bolts should be used to reduce costs.
按施工工藝分為:扭剪型高強度螺栓和大六角高強度螺栓。
According to the construction process, it is divided into torsion shear high-strength bolts and large hexagon high-strength bolts.
六角高強度螺栓屬于普通螺釘?shù)母邚姸鹊燃?，而扭剪型高強度螺栓是六角高強度螺栓的改進型，為了更好的施工。
Hexagon high-strength bolt belongs to the high-strength grade of ordinary screw, while the torsion shear high-strength bolt is an improved type of hexagon high-strength bolt for better construction.
高強度螺栓的施工必須先擰后擰，高強度螺栓初擰應(yīng)使用沖擊式電動扳手或扭矩可調(diào)式電動扳手；但對高強度螺栓的更終擰緊有嚴格的要求。扭剪型高強度螺栓的終擰必須使用扭剪型電動扳手，扭矩型高強度螺栓的終擰必須使用扭矩型電動扳手。
The construction of high-strength bolts must be tightened first and then. The impact type electric wrench or torque adjustable electric wrench shall be used for the initial tightening of high-strength bolts; However, there are strict requirements for the final tightening of high-strength bolts. The final tightening of the torsion shear type high-strength bolts must use the torsion shear type electric wrench, and the final tightening of the torque type high-strength bolts must use the torque type electric wrench.
六角螺栓由一個螺栓、一個螺母和兩個墊圈組成。剪切型高強度螺栓由螺栓、螺母和墊圈組成。
The hexagon bolt consists of a bolt, a nut and two washers. Shear type high-strength bolt is composed of bolt, nut and washer.
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