鋼結(jié)構(gòu)高強(qiáng)螺栓的正確擰使用方法
Correct screwing method of high-strength bolts for steel structures
鋼結(jié)構(gòu)高強(qiáng)度螺栓可以從受力特征上區(qū)分為摩擦型連接和承壓型連接兩類。高強(qiáng)度螺栓承壓型連接的連接面只需作防銹處理即可。然而高強(qiáng)度螺栓摩擦型具有連接緊密，受力良好，耐疲勞，適宜承受動力荷載的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但連接面需要做摩擦面處理，一般采用噴砂、噴砂后涂無機(jī)富鋅漆來處理。
High strength bolts of steel structures can be divided into friction type connection and pressure bearing type connection from the mechanical characteristics. The connection surface of high-strength bolt pressure bearing connection only needs to be treated with rust prevention. However, the friction type of high-strength bolt has the advantages of tight connection, good stress resistance, fatigue resistance, and suitable for bearing dynamic load. However, the friction surface treatment is required for the connection surface, which is generally treated by sandblasting and coating inorganic zinc rich paint after sandblasting.
鋼結(jié)構(gòu)高強(qiáng)度螺栓由于螺栓構(gòu)造和施工方法不一樣，又可以分為大六角頭高強(qiáng)度螺栓和扭剪型高強(qiáng)度螺栓兩類。大六角頭型和普通六角頭粗制螺栓相同，扭剪型的螺栓頭與鉚釘頭相仿，但是扭剪型的螺紋端頭設(shè)置了一個梅花卡頭和一個能夠控制緊固扭矩的環(huán)形槽溝，這個差別需要注意。
High strength bolts of steel structure can be divided into large hexagon head high strength bolts and torsional shear type high strength bolts due to different bolt structures and construction methods. The big hexagon head type is the same as the common hexagon head rough bolt, and the twist shear type bolt head is similar to the rivet head, but the twist shear type thread end is provided with a quincunx clip head and an annular groove that can control the tightening torque, which requires attention.
—個螺栓連接副包括螺栓、螺母、墊圈三部分。高強(qiáng)度螺栓的構(gòu)造要求和排列要求，與普通螺栓的構(gòu)造及排列要求相同。然后一定要符合規(guī)范使用，大六角頭只能使用8.8級高強(qiáng)螺栓，扭剪型高強(qiáng)度螺栓只能使用10.9級高強(qiáng)度螺栓。
A bolt connection pair includes three parts: bolt, nut and washer. The construction and arrangement requirements of high-strength bolts are the same as those of ordinary bolts. Then it must be used in accordance with the specifications. Only 8.8 high strength bolts can be used for large hexagon heads, and only 10.9 high strength bolts can be used for torsional shear type high strength bolts.
鋼結(jié)構(gòu)高強(qiáng)度螺栓的預(yù)拉力是通過扭緊螺母實現(xiàn)的。通常使用扭矩法、轉(zhuǎn)角法或扭掉螺栓尾部梅花卡頭法來控制預(yù)拉力。
The pretension of high-strength bolts of steel structures is achieved by tightening the nuts. Usually, torque method, angle method or torquing off the quincunx clamp at the end of the bolt are used to control the pretension.

目前有一種顯示扭矩的特制扳手，通過測定的扭矩和螺栓拉力之間的關(guān)系，再來施加扭矩達(dá)到必要的超張拉值。
At present, there is a special wrench that shows the torque. By measuring the relationship between the torque and the bolt tension, the torque can be applied to achieve the necessary overstretching value.
轉(zhuǎn)角法轉(zhuǎn)角法又分為二個步驟，一是初擰，二是終擰。簡單來說，初擰一般是工人使用普通扳手使得被連接構(gòu)件相互緊密貼合，而終擰則是以初擰的貼緊位置作為起點(diǎn)，根據(jù)螺栓直徑和板疊厚度來確定的終擰角度，用強(qiáng)有力的扳手旋轉(zhuǎn)螺母，擰預(yù)定角度值時，螺栓的拉力就可以達(dá)到要求的預(yù)拉力數(shù)值了。為了防止高強(qiáng)度螺栓受外部環(huán)境的影響，使扭矩系數(shù)發(fā)生變化，故一般初擰、終擰應(yīng)該在同內(nèi)完成。
Angle method The angle method is divided into two steps: first, initial tightening, and second, final tightening. In simple terms, the initial tightening is generally the workers use ordinary wrenches to make the connected components closely fit each other, while the final tightening is the final tightening angle determined according to the bolt diameter and the thickness of the plate stack, using a powerful wrench to rotate the nut. When the nut is tightened to the preset angle value, the bolt tension can reach the required pre tension value. In order to prevent the high strength bolts from being affected by the external environment and changing the torque coefficient, the initial tightening and final tightening should be completed in the same day.
扭剪型扭剪型高強(qiáng)度螺栓的受力特征與一般高強(qiáng)度螺栓相同，只是施加預(yù)拉力的方法為用擰斷螺栓梅花頭切口處截面來控制預(yù)拉力數(shù)值。
The stress characteristics of torsional shear high-strength bolts are the same as those of ordinary high-strength bolts, except that the method of applying pretension is to control the pretension value by unscrewing the section at the notch of the bolt quincunx head.
摩擦型高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接完全依靠被連接構(gòu)件間的摩擦阻力傳力，而摩擦阻力的大小除了螺栓的預(yù)拉力外，與被連接構(gòu)件材料及其接觸面的表面處理所確定的摩擦面抗滑移系數(shù)。
Friction type high-strength bolt connection completely relies on the friction resistance between the connected components to transmit force, and the friction resistance is determined by the friction surface anti slip coefficient determined by the surface treatment of the materials and contact surfaces of the connected components in addition to the pretension of the bolts.
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